• br Introduction Inflammatory bowel diseases IBDs including C

  2022-07-15

  

  Introduction Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (Baumgart and Sandborn, 2012; Beaugerie et al., 2006) are typically characterized by chronic, progressive, and relapsing inflammation of the intestine. Although the exact pathogenesis of IBD is unknow

• Decanoyl-RVKR-CMK GPR A a G protein coupled receptor

  2022-07-15

  

  GPR109A, a G-protein-coupled receptor located mainly on adipocyte cell membranes, has been identified as the molecular target for nicotinic Decanoyl-RVKR-CMK [[5], [6], [7]] and mediator of NEFA reduction [5]. As a mechanism of NEFA-lowering, it is recognized that activation of GPR109A leads to Gi-m

• To characterize the binding receptor for HIV gp in

  2022-07-15

  

  To characterize the binding receptor for HIV-1 gp120 in autophagy, we used the CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100 and NMDA receptor inhibitor MK801 along with gp120 to treat the cardiomyocytes. Our data demonstrated that inhibition of the NMDA receptor significantly blocked the increase of gp120 induced autoph

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion DNA

  2022-07-15

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion DNA repair pathways have evolved for a long time to act independently of one another. However, over the past decade several overlaps and crosstalks between these pathways were identified, showing that the DNA repair system is more complex than previo

• br Functional organization of postsynaptic glutamate

  2022-07-14

  

  Functional organization of postsynaptic glutamate receptors Downstream effects of glutamate receptor positioning Mechanisms underlying the subsynaptic positioning of glutamate receptors Conclusions and future prospects The molecular organization of synapses is undoubtedly a critical dete

• In this study our result suggests that exogenous

  2022-07-14

  

  In this study, our result suggests that exogenous GR agonist DEX and GR inhibitor RU486 can affect dopaminergic neurotransmitters in the brain. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), an endogenous neuropeptide, can regulate the synthesis and release of catecholamine. McArthur et

• Acknowledgments br Introduction Type diabetes mellitus

  2022-07-14

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is caused by relative insulin deficiency or insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. The clinical management of T2DM is achieved by controlling blood glucose levels. Current therapies available for treatment of T2DM include biguanides

• Since the Gardos channel Ca

  2022-07-14

  

  Since the Gardos channel Ca2+ sensor have been shown to be constitutively bound calmodulin [16] and the PMCA is activated by association to a calcium–calmodulin complex, it seems probable that the NS309 agonist effect is caused by direct interaction with the Gardos channel, and not by an action on c

• Interestingly GAL has also been shown

  2022-07-14

  

  Interestingly, GAL has also been shown to be co-expressed and/or secreted in luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) (Merchenthaler et al., 1991, Marks et al., 1994) and kisspeptin (KISS) neurons (Porteous et al., 2011). Furthermore, GAL was shown to stimulate luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion

• Liver is the house for a

  2022-07-14

  

  Liver is the house for a variety of xenobiotic-metabolizing sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator that produce reactive oxygen species as well as reactive metabolites (Johansson et al., 2009; Noh et al., 2017; Puntarulo and Cederbaum, 1998). When the enzymes act upon pre- or pro-haptens, the ch

• Next we studied the effects of the

  2022-07-14

  

  Next, we studied the effects of the compounds PA-Glu, PA-hSuc, and PA-hPim on the IGly of rat hippocampal neurons. As in the experiments with IGABA, IGly was affected by steroids with a pregnane skeleton, but not those with an androstane skeleton. At the same time, androstane steroids were shown to

• Glucose induced nuclear translocation of several

  2022-07-14

  

  Glucose-induced nuclear translocation of several enzymes, including GK, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), muscle GS, aldolase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) is a well-known phenomenon. Additional functions have been proposed for these enzymes in the n

• We focus here on the

  2022-07-14

  

  We focus here on the historical discoveries that led to the development of the concept of ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is defined as an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death, which occurs through the lethal accumulation of lipid-based reactive oxygen species (ROS) when glutathione (GSH)-dependent

• The minimal segment of the

  2022-07-14

  

  The minimal segment of the SIM appears to be a core of bepridil residues, which frequently matches the consensus sequences ΨΨΨΨ, ΨxΨΨ, or ΨΨxΨ (where Ψ is V, I, or L and x is typically D, E, S, or T) [29,31,32]. In a subset of SIMs, this hydrophobic core is flanked by serine residues and a stretch

• In addition the interplay of membrane curvature induced tens

  2022-07-14

  

  In addition the interplay of membrane curvature induced tension at the fusion pore and cyp3a inhibitors induced tension across the PM seems to be a worthwhile target for investigation. The roles of dynamin and myosin II and especially their spatial and temporal dynamics during activity warrant furt

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