• Protein ubiquitination occurs at the

  2020-11-14

  

  Protein ubiquitination occurs at the lysine residues, and is mediated by the sequential reactions of ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1), conjugating enzyme (E2), and ligase (E3). The first step in this process comprises the ATP-dependent activation of ubiquitin by E1 to form a ubiquitin–E1 conjugate.

• All known vertebrate TRIMs are

  2020-11-13

  

  All known vertebrate TRIMs are categorized in 11 distinct subclasses depending on the types of domains present at their carboxyl-terminals (Fig. 3) [29], [35]. Beyond conserved N-terminal domains, it is the C-terminal that provides specificity of interactions with other proteins. The subclass IV for

• br E Ubiquitin Ligases Regulate Central and Peripheral T Cel

  2020-11-13

  

  E3 Ubiquitin Ligases Regulate Central and Peripheral T Cell Tolerance During the random process of somatic recombination, T cell receptors (TCRs; see Glossary) that recognize self-antigens are commonly generated. Notably, meticulously precise filtering mechanisms, termed tolerance, are necessary

• br Funding This work was supported by the

  2020-11-13

  

  Funding This work was supported by the grants from MSD, Terumo Life Science Foundation, Takeda Science Foundation, and Japan Diabetes Foundation. Disclosures Acknowledgments The authors thank C. Morimoto (Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan) and K. Takeda (Immunology Frontier Research Center

• br Roles of TLS polymerases outside DNA damage tolerance br

  2020-11-13

  

  Roles of TLS polymerases outside DNA damage tolerance Preparing the ground for more DNA damage: adaptive responses through gene induction Conclusions and perspectives Although known for many decades, the relevance of TLS in genome stability is normally considered secondary to mechanisms tha

• Despite the significant increase in Bdnf

  2020-11-13

  

  Despite the significant increase in Bdnf1 mRNA levels after DNMT inhibition, the expression of Bdnf4 and Bdnf9 was unaltered. It is particularly surprising that Bdnf4 is not affected by the DNMT inhibitor, as the promoter of the Bdnf4 exon is known to be susceptible to epigenetic changes (Kotera et

• br NADH and NADPH Turnover and the Putative Role of

  2020-11-13

  

  NADH and NADPH Turnover and the Putative Role of Alternative NAD(P)H Dehydrogenases Still very little is known about the metabolic function of external and internal alternative NADH:UQ oxidoreductases, and almost nothing is known about the mechanisms underlying their metabolic regulation, especia

• Plants Cp are widely distributed in the plant kingdom

  2020-11-13

  

  Plants Cp are widely distributed in the plant kingdom and are believed to act as virulence/defense factors for both hosts and pathogens. Cp are also found in plants, animals and bacteria and are known to be virulence factors involved in bacterial pathogenicity [29]. Further, Cp are involved in pepti

• The isolation of a proteinaceous putative

  2020-11-13

  

  The isolation of a proteinaceous putative inhibitor of cysteine proteases from the extracts of Y. enterocolitica and E. coli was performed by affinity chromatography on immobilized and inactivated papain (Fig. 7A). Instead of the column variant of this technique (Tsushima et al., 1992), we used a ba

• n-acetyl-l-cysteine br Preparation of Recombinant Proteins b

  2020-11-13

  

  Preparation of Recombinant Proteins Activity Assays The following solvents are used in the procedures described in this section: Data Analysis Aryl radical rearrangements typically result in a large number of products being generated by Bmp7. Approaches combining mass spectrometry and NMR

• br Genotype phenotype correlations Genotype phenotype

  2020-11-13

  

  Genotype-phenotype correlations Genotype-phenotype correlations are limited. Compared with individuals with truncating variants, those with pathogenic missense variants in the adenosine triphosphate binding site had a milder disorder, some with ability to walk unaided, better hand use, and less r

• E-64-c br Results br Discussion br Experimental Procedures b

  2020-11-13

  

  Results Discussion Experimental Procedures Acknowledgments In the preceding paper, we reported 3-amido-4-anilinoquinolines as highly selective inhibitors of CSF-1R kinase, along with our initial efforts to optimize the series. Examples from the 6,7-dimethoxyquinoline series were very p

• The ability of TKIs in inducing CRTH expression

  2020-11-13

  

  The ability of TKIs in inducing CRTH2 expression could be related to the c-terminal of CRTH2 receptor that is important molecular determinant in the down-stream signaling cascade activation [20]. This requires further studies to prove it or disprove it. Additionally, further studies are needed to ex

• Pattern separation is a process that takes place in

  2020-11-12

  

  Pattern separation is a process that takes place in the hippocampus and more specifically in the dentate gyrus (DG) and Cornu Ammonis region 3 (CA3) (Morris, Churchwell, Kesner, & Gilbert, 2012). The main source of input in the hippocampus is derived from the enthorinal cortex (EC) that mainly proje

• br Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis RA is a chronic systemi

  2020-11-12

  

  Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disease that can be divided in at least two subsets based on the presence of antibodies to citrullinated proteins (ACPAs) [1]. Importantly, such ACPA target proteins [[2], [3], [4], [5]] also represent candidate autoantige

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