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In bone PGE exerts both anabolic and
2019-09-25
In bone, PGE2 exerts both anabolic and catabolic effects [6], [7], [8], [9]. Administration of PGE2 to mice lacking each of the four prostanoid receptors identified EP4 as the primary mediator of PGE2-induced bone formation [10]. While the role of EP1 in osteoblastic differentiation and bone metabol
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br Material and methods br Results and discussion br Conclus
2019-09-25
Material and methods Results and discussion Conclusion The gene encoding the Bos taurus muscle enolase enzyme was successfully isolated and cloned in this study. Optimization of the cloning, gene Wnt-C59 and purification was performed and protein elution at 95% purity was achieved. An alte
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Here we describe preparation of three stable conjugates
2019-09-25
Here, we describe preparation of three stable conjugates that are linked by either oxyester, disulfide, or isopeptide bonds (Fig. 10.1). Each of these conjugates depends upon the prior purification of E2 and ubiquitin proteins that have been engineered to favor specific linkages. For the oxyester- a
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The inhibition of CYP activity by NOR was and fold
2019-09-24
The inhibition of CYP11β activity by NOR was 11- and 2.5-fold higher than those reported for the antifungal agents ketoconazole (IC50: 4.4μM) and clotrimozole (IC50: 1.0μM) (Fernandes and Porte, 2013). Furthermore, NOR was able to inhibit P450 aromatase activity in carp ovaries, although at a rather
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Also important in binding of
2019-09-24
Also important in binding of E2 to the ER is the hydroxyl on the D ring, which has a stabilizing contact with His-524 in ERα (Fig. 7) and with His-475 in ERβ (Fig. S1) [8,9,36,37]. The spatial relationship of the functional groups on the A and D rings on E2 has been used to develop chemicals contai
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Hinokitiol has versatile abilities as anticancer antimicrobi
2019-09-24
Hinokitiol has versatile abilities as anticancer, antimicrobial and molecule transport agents and appears to have no developmental toxicity or carcinogenic effects (Imai et al., 2006b). For anticancer activities, it causes apoptosis and 2\'-O-Methyl-ATP arrest in many different types of cancers, su
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On the opposite side sPLA X has
2019-09-24
On the opposite side, sPLA2-X has also been implicated in the pathology of cancer [167,168]. Human sPLA2-X induces lipid droplet formation in Ras-driven MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer GTP-Binding Protein Fragment, G alpha and promotes their survival during nutrient stress. It acts through
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br Materials and methods F philippinensis plants were collec
2019-09-24
Materials and methods F. philippinensis plants were collected in August 2014 at a farm in Ninning, Guangxi province, China and identified by Dr. Yimmin Zhao. Voucher specimens (No. 530) were deposited in the Herbarium of Gaunxi Botanical Garden, China. Human recombinant neutrophil elastase (EC 3.
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Recently a method for in vivo photoactivation of cells
2019-09-24
Recently, a method for in vivo photoactivation of MMP-2/MMP-9 Inhibitor I mass expressing PA-GFP in precise microanatomical compartments was described (Victora et al., 2010), which makes it possible to optically mark Tfh cells and track them 20 hr later (Shulman et al., 2013). Unexpectedly, it was
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Electron transport via DHODH activity will allow the generat
2019-09-24
Electron transport via DHODH activity will allow the generation of mitochondrial ROS without the consumption of α-ketoglutarate or NADH. Glutamine-dependent flux through the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation can also enable generation of mitochondrial ROS (Weinberg et al., 2010). The latter pr
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br Authors contributions br Acknowledgements br Introduction
2019-09-24
Authors’ contributions Acknowledgements Introduction Retinoic Caspase-1, human recombinant proteinase is a key signalling molecule in healthy development and in differentiation of stem cells, albeit uncontrolled levels of retinoic acid can lead to mutagenesis [1]. In eukaryotes retinoic aci
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Introduction The COMT gene is located on
2019-09-24
Introduction The COMT gene is located on chromosomal band 22q11.2, extends over 28 kb, contains six exons, and encodes for catechol-O-methyl-transferase (Weinshilboum and Raymond, 1977; Grossman et al., 1992; Lundström et al., 1995; Bearden et al., 2005). This enzyme plays a major role in regulatio
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br Methods br Results br Discussion Literature showed SN was
2019-09-24
Methods Results Discussion Literature showed SN was well studied for its antigastric ulcer, antiinflammatory, antihyperglycemic, and antihyperlipidemic properties. Although a recent publication reported that SN was found to exert its regulatory effect in animal cholesterol levels, the exac
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Renal injury by cisplatin has been associated
2019-09-24
Renal injury by cisplatin has been associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis (Francescato et al., 2007, Iseri et al., 2007, Kiymaz et al., 2008, Ueki et al., 2012). Specifically, apoptosis is an important mode of cell death in cisplatin nephrotoxicity, and many studies including
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Prostaglandin E receptor subtype EP is a transmembrane
2019-09-24
Prostaglandin E receptor subtype 4 (EP4) is a transmembrane G-coupled protein receptor activated by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). EP4 activation exerts anti-inflammatory effects in adipose tissue by dampening the levels of inflammatory chemokines [12]. In the mouse, EP4 deficiency aggravates fragmentatio
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